Angular Effects of Z-Plasty Technique on Extent of Relaxation of Contracted Scar, Cosmetic Appearance and Tip Necrosis in Dogs

Z-plasty is a plastic surgery technique which is used to improve the functional and cosmetic appearance of a scar by redirecting it into better alignment and allowing the closure of a large wound by increasing circumference of its orifices. This experimental study was executed to evaluate the extent of relaxation of contracted scar, cosmetic appearance and tip necrosis in dogs by using Z-plasty technique at different angles, i.e. 45°, 60° and 75°, respectively. 18 mongrel dogs were randomly selected and divided in three groups (A, B and C) comprising six dogs each; after induction of scar tissue, Z-plasty was applied at 45° in Group A, 60° in Group B and 75° in Group C, respectively. % Gain in length was superior for the 60° group (P<0.05), as compared with the 45° and 75° Z-plasty, respectively. Tip Necrosis Status and cosmetic appearance for the 60° group were also found superior (P<0.05) than at 45° and 75°, respectively. The results of the experimental trial showed that the parameters of extent of relaxation of the contracted scar, cosmetic appearance and tip necrosis, were mainly governed by two factors, (1) length of contracted scar and (2) angle of Z-plasty technique. Conclusively, 60° Z-plasty serves a better option for correction of burn scar contractures since it provides average gain in length, good cosmetic appearance and causes no tip necrosis.